Proportion of people living below 50 percent of median income in Spain
Spain: Proportion of people living below 50 percent of median income was 14.9% in 2023. ▲ Rising
Proportion of people living below 50 percent of median income in Spain, 1980–2023
Source: World Bank, Poverty and Inequality Platform. Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. Data for high-income econ. Measured in %.
Analysis
The most recent figure for proportion of people living below 50 percent of median income in Spain is 14.9%, measured in 2023.
That represents a change of up 2.1% on the previous year and down 16.3% over ten years.
Over the whole period, proportion of people living below 50 percent of median income in Spain peaked at 17.8% in 2013 and was at its lowest, 11.1%, in 1990.
That places Spain 34th out of 123 countries with data for 2023, putting it in the middle of the range.
The long-run direction has been consistently rising across the 32 years of available data.
Proportion of people living below 50 percent of median income in Spain, year by year
| Year | % | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1980 | 13.2% | — |
| 1985 | 12.0% | -9.1% |
| 1990 | 11.1% | -7.5% |
| 1993 | 14.1% | +27.0% |
| 1994 | 14.9% | +5.7% |
| 1995 | 13.9% | -6.7% |
| 1996 | 15.5% | +11.5% |
| 1997 | 14.0% | -9.7% |
| 1998 | 14.4% | +2.9% |
| 1999 | 12.5% | -13.2% |
| 2000 | 13.2% | +5.6% |
| 2003 | 13.2% | +0.0% |
| 2004 | 13.1% | -0.8% |
| 2005 | 13.0% | -0.8% |
| 2006 | 14.0% | +7.7% |
| 2007 | 13.9% | -0.7% |
| 2008 | 14.8% | +6.5% |
| 2009 | 15.0% | +1.4% |
| 2010 | 14.7% | -2.0% |
| 2011 | 15.8% | +7.5% |
| 2012 | 15.9% | +0.6% |
| 2013 | 17.8% | +11.9% |
| 2014 | 17.3% | -2.8% |
| 2015 | 17.4% | +0.6% |
| 2016 | 16.9% | -2.9% |
| 2017 | 16.1% | -4.7% |
| 2018 | 15.7% | -2.5% |
| 2019 | 15.9% | +1.3% |
| 2020 | 16.5% | +3.8% |
| 2021 | 15.4% | -6.7% |
| 2022 | 14.6% | -5.2% |
| 2023 | 14.9% | +2.1% |
Spain compared with similar countries
- Spain's 14.9% is above the median for high income countries, which is 11.6%, 1.3× the median. (42 countries reporting)
- Spain's 14.9% is above the median for Europe & Central Asia, which is 11.0%, 1.4× the median. (48 countries reporting)
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1980s | 12.6% | 12.0% | 13.2% | 2 |
| 1990s | 13.8% | 11.1% | 15.5% | 8 |
| 2000s | 13.8% | 13.0% | 15.0% | 8 |
| 2010s | 16.4% | 14.7% | 17.8% | 10 |
| 2020s | 15.3% | 14.6% | 16.5% | 4 |
Countries ranked near Spain
- 31 Montenegro 15.9% compare
- 32 Mexico 15.7% compare
- 33 Dominican Republic 15.3% compare
- 35 Romania 14.7% compare
- 35 Palestine, State of 14.7% compare
- 37 Bulgaria 14.6% compare
More poverty & inequality data for Spain
- Number of income/consumption surveys in the past decade available via the World Bank 8 surveys (2025)
- Number of income/consumption surveys in the past decade available via 0 surveys per person (2025)
- Number of income/consumption surveys in the past decade available via 0 surveys per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Fertility rate vs. share living in extreme poverty 1.21 live births per woman (2023)
- Cereal yield vs. share in extreme poverty 3,786 kg per hectare (2024)
- Cereal yield vs extreme poverty, per unit of GDP 0 units per US$ of GDP (2024)
- Cereal yield vs extreme poverty, annual growth rate 72.8 % change on previous year (2024)
- Tax revenues vs income inequality, gaps filled 36.42 (2023)
- Tax revenue as share of GDP vs. income inequality 36.4% (2023)
- Tax revenues vs income inequality, per unit of GDP 0 units per US$ of GDP (2023)
Frequently asked questions
- What is proportion of people living below 50 percent of median income in Spain?
- Proportion of people living below 50 percent of median income in Spain was 14.9% in 2023, according to World Bank, Poverty and Inequality Platform. Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. Data for high-income econ.
- What is the highest proportion of people living below 50 percent of median income recorded in Spain?
- The highest recorded value was 17.8% in 2013.
- What is the lowest proportion of people living below 50 percent of median income recorded in Spain?
- The lowest recorded value was 11.1% in 1990.
- How does Spain rank for proportion of people living below 50 percent of median income?
- Spain ranks 34th out of 123 countries with data for 2023.
- Is proportion of people living below 50 percent of median income rising or falling in Spain?
- Over the last ten years it is down 16.3%. The long-run trend across the full record is rising.
- Where does this Spain data come from?
- The figures come from World Bank, Poverty and Inequality Platform. Data are based on primary household survey data obtained from government statistical agencies and World Bank country departments. Data for high-income econ, published as part of Proportion of people living below 50 percent of median income (%). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
CSV · JSON — 32 observations, free to reuse under CC BY 4.0 (World Bank Open Data).
About this data
The percentage of people in the population who live in households whose per capita income or consumption is below half of the median income or consumption per capita. The median is measured at 2021 Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) using the Poverty and Inequality Platform (http://www.pip.worldbank.org). For some countries, medians are not reported due to grouped and/or confidential data. The reference year is the year in which the underlying household survey data was collected. In cases for which the data collection period bridged two calendar years, the first year in which data were collected is reported.